Industrial Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Industrial Law - Essay Example How can a nation with thousands of years of history out of which just a short while ago she ruled the waves draw lessons conclusively from a nation born out of Britain's own bosom only few centuries ago notwithstanding the bloody conception Nonetheless, Britain has good reason to approach and compare her performances with her staunchest ally. Just as in the case of every other issue, on a subject like trade unionism there is nothing so fulfilling as a comparison with the best, even if the lessons learnt turn out to be infeasible. (James J. Brudney) There is a strong universal feeling hitherto unexpressed, especially among business circles that the world could do without trade unions. It is felt that trade unionism, like the socialist form of governance, has been a failure. Britain's tryst with collective bargaining has been particularly phlegmatic and uneventful. It is difficult to prove with any amount of conviction that something good has come out of trade unions. On the contrary, the identity of trade union has been riddled with anti-social activities, strikes, lockouts, go-slow tactics, union rivalries and even mayhem and murders. It may be for these reasons that nobody is really keen to be in the forefront when it comes to formations of trade unions in new corporations. Nonetheless, it must be granted that the presence of trade unions has had a transforming effect on society. Thanks to the principles of collective bargaining, there is more appreciation for the working class, better salaries and working conditions, better living standards, more purchasing power, and recognition and justice for the less privileged and the exploited. Therefore, the two extreme opposites of good and evil have dogged the trade union movement for such a long, disenchanting time that it stigmatized anyone to bring it up until the time was ripe for issue-based confrontations. One cannot but regard with a sense of amusement and awe the manifestation of potentials and capabilities hidden in the portals of trade unions. Come elections and employer-employee agreements, there is a beeline of the unlikeliest visitors humming and buzzing about damp, lackadaisical enclaves of the trade unionists hangouts. The role of trade unions in Europe The activities of trade unions have witnessed sharp decline in Europe. The trade union density is worst hit in France where it is merely 10% now. It is slightly better elsewhere in the continent. The position is much better in Britain where it is 44%. This is proof that in spite of claims of deteriorating working conditions by trade unions, Britain has one of the best employment regulation policies in the world. The fall of the socialist regime in the erstwhile Soviet

Critically discuss the empirical evidence that there are sex Essay - 1

Critically discuss the empirical evidence that there are sex differences in intelligence - Essay Example Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings—"catching on", "making sense" of things, or "figuring out" what to do. (p.13) The complex factors that affect intelligence have fascinated researchers over the years, with the belief that gender plays a significant role in cognitive abilities. In an effort to settle controversies concerning gender and intelligence, empirical researches in the fields of psychology and learning have made attempts to identify how the two sexes perform in certain cognitive tasks. Based on the results of the standardized measures in cognitive batteries, increasing evidence from various studies confirm that men’s functioning and women’s functioning are in fact different. A study conducted by Jackson and Rushton (2005) investigated the sex differences in general mental ability. A Scholastic Assessment Test was given to 100,000 high school graduates where results showed that the male samples performed better with an average IQ score of 3.63 higher than the females. This finding was consistent with other factors across groups such as gender differences in gene ral mental ability for participants from different socioeconomic levels and ethnic groups. Likewise, the British Journal of Psychology published the findings of a study made by Lyn and Irwing (2005) on a big sample of university men and women. The controversial research that aroused public attention indicated that based on IQ, men’s average scores were higher between 3.3 and 5.0 than women. While outcomes of these research studies have favored the male sample, results of other studies revealed that although both male and females vary on average in how competently they function on different skill tests, cognitive skills are actually equally distributed between them (Halpern, D.,Benbow, C., Geary, D., Gur, R., Hyde, J., and Gernsbacher,M., 2007). For instance, women are likely to achieve higher scores on specific verbal

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay The famous Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde was written by Robert Louis Stevenson and has remained popular ever since its publication in 1886. Robert was born in 1850 and was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was brought up a calvalist, however followed the bohemian life style. He married Mrs. Fanny Osbourne in 1880 and supported Priest Dameor who cared for the lepers. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a rich tale of the duality of mankind and how we are in essence creatures created for good, however in all of us there is the seed to do bad. The moral of the story is an old biblical one that many Christians recite daily in prayerLead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. This might be one of the reasons Stevenson wrote this book; Jekyll lives a double life of propriety and shame, imprisoned by the moral demands of Victorian society, and so did Stevenson. He too was surrounded by upright, religious and rigid citizens. He was even pressured into studying law at Edinburgh University. This book was written as a horror story. We know this because of the settings and plot. Stevenson wrote the book at the time of many murders in the east of London and the complete ignoring of social values and heartless deeds committed by Mr Hyde are totally in synch with Jack the Ripper and Sherlock Holmes. Mr Hyde represents the exact opposite of what Victorian gentlemen should act and the savageness of his actions is what made the book so scary back then. The story takes place in London during the nineteenth century. The central mood of the novel is one of mystery and terror. Stevenson creates dark settings to create a mood of anticipation and mystery. E.g. He was aware of an odd, light. Mr Hyde only comes out in the dark, foggy night, which subsequently makes the reader suspect mainly sinister intentions and automatically informs the reader that there is an expectation of trouble and something threatening, as the dark brings ominous feelings and terror to the reader. Stevenson changes the weather from regular night to more dark and foggy so that it is almost impossible to see clearly, therefore emphasising the fact through the fog, there is something concealed and surreptitious lurking about which makes the reader feel anxious. Also, he makes the character more evil looking in the dark e.g. In the darkness of the night he gave an impression deformity without any namable malformation. This makes the reader picture a horrific creature that makes them feel defenceless and exposed. Stevenson describes the fog being broken up as a haggard shaft. This gives the sense of destructiveness and violence. Also the quote swirling wreaths gives the sense of death as wreaths is what is placed on-top of a coffin. Finally Stevenson describes the gloomy avenues as mournful re- invasion of darkness which gives the sense of decay and obscurity. All these quotes also make the reader feel uneasy and apprehensive. The quotes It seems she was romantically given and London from all around very silent gives an eerie effect and provides a somewhat peaceful response. These quotes are also examples of emotive language, because they give the reader an emotional response. A certain sinister block and tramps slouched are both examples of figurative language which gives the reader a precise picture of what is in the setting. The quote tramps slouched gives us an unpleasant image of what reality was really like for the poor, making the reader feel uncomfortable as well as sympathetic. As addition to Stevenson using figurative and emotive language, he also uses a wide range of verbs like ragged and dingy which helps the reader to get a detailed picture of the insecurity and filthiness in which they lived through, and adjectives like ragged children huddled, which illustrates the fear and torment which even children went through. The quotes low growl of London and city in a nightmare, all give off the impression that the streets of London at the time were grimy, dangerous, dingy and simply terrifying places to live. Also the word growl, an example of personification, gives a sense that there is a savage, ruthless and a ferocious monster prowling about London. Finally the metaphor, light of some strange conflagration, gives a reference hell which makes the reader feel uncomfortable. Even though there are many quotes referring to the struggles of Victorian society, there are on the other hand several quotes which describe the other side of Victorian society which was entirely different. For example, bachelor house, close by the fire and gratefully to bed, all give off a cosy, warm, safe and welcoming impression. So yet again we have another contrast of the rich, warm, safe Victorian residence to the poor, insecure and generally tough Victorian slums. This shows that if you were rich you could use the power whatever way you like, however if you were poor, you were trapped in a world of poverty and in a sense of revulsion. There are three main characters in the novel, Dr Henry Jekyll, Edward Hyde and Mr Utterson. Dr. Henry Jekyll is a prominent middle- aged doctor and throughout the novel he is physically described as both tall and handsome. He is also extremely wealthy and by all who him, he is described as well respected and proper. For example, Stevenson describes Jekyll as a entertainer and a person known for charities which gives the impression that Jekyll is a warm, pleasant, middle class gentleman. In the book, his voice is only heard in the concluding chapter (Henry Jekylls full statement of the case), only after being described through the lens of Utterson, Lanyon, Poole and Enfield. The doctors belief that within each Human- being exists two countering forces, good and evil, leads to his experiments to try to separate the two. This however, was not done merely for scientific reasons, but also because he enjoyed escaping the confines of the respectable guise of Dr. Jekyll. The quote which illustrates this is The transformation was succeeded by a sense of joy. This also suggests that people didnt know what was right and what was wrong and would do and ask questions later. Also in the book he is described as less distinguished for religion, which suggests he too questioned Christianity like many other people of his time. For example, Darwin challenged religion as he came up with the theory that we evolved from monkeys which would mean the world wasnt made is seven days. Edward Hyde is a small, deformed, disgusting young man (much younger than Dr Jekyll) that is devoid of an apparent profession. Also the quote deformed illustrates that some Victorians disliked and rejected disabled people. Stevenson describes Hyde as callous and violent and a murderous mixture of timidly and boldness, which gives the impression Hyde is a fierce, ruthless, brutal monster. Despite the many descriptions of the horror that Edward Hyde invokes (by Lanyon, Utterson and Enfield), we are never told in detail precisely why or what features are so disgusting to observers, which emphasises the fact the novel was made in the time where phrenology (judging someone by their appearance) was the key to knowing if someone was good or evil. Hyde is also often compared to animals e.g. snarled, implying that he is not a fully evolved Human- Being. Another factor which suggests he is compared to animals is the fact he only menaces society at night e.g. trampling a girl in the street and murdering Sir Danvers Carew, which relates him to rodents and other nocturnal animals. Finally the quote the man seems hardly human, illustrates the fact Hyde is not a whole and has something missing. Good. Mr Utterson is the narrator of the book and is described as tall and loveable. He is a middle- aged lawyer plus someone that all the characters confide in throughout the novel. As an old friend of Jekyll, he recognises the changes and strange occurrences that centre around both Jekyll and Hyde. Stevenson describes Utterson as a reliable and Modest man which suggests he is perhaps the most circumspect and respected character in the book; therefore, it is significant that we view the crimes of Hyde through his observant frame. However, when Utterson discovers Hydes body in a red cabinet, instead of reporting it to the police he precedes in reading a letter addressed to him, which suggests he is more interested in his social status than solving the mystery. The quotes his friendship seemed to be founded in a similar catholicity of a good nature and his friends were those of his own blood or those who he had seen the longest, illustrates the fact he is insular, biased and narrow-minded. Knowing this makes the reader question if the story is told accurately and truthfully. The thing I noticed about this novel is that all the women are either victims or maids. E.g. the girl who got trampled on, the maid who witnessed the murder of Sir Danvers Carew and the house maid. This suggests that the middle class Victorian society were very sexist. However, if a Victorian was to read a modern day horror story, they would probably come up with the same conclusion, as the majority of victims in todays horror stories are women. The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is typical of the horror genre as it has many factors in which we would expect to see in a horror story today. For example, the story is mainly set at night, there are victims and most importantly the evil character is punished at the end of the novel. Mr Utterson is the narrator of the book and we are told the story through his eyes and told as though its true. This contributes to the element of suspense as we only know what Utterson knows. Suspense is also built up as Stevenson writes as if there is a final explanation as to whom the mystery figure is but doesnt let on and instead lets the suspense build. He occasionally allows a small amount of information out just to whet the appetites and keep up an atmosphere of mystery and confusion. For example, at the end of chapter five (Incident of the letter), Utterson says Henry Jekyll forge for a murderer. Not only does this make you wonder who the murderer is, but it also makes the reader want to read on. This atmosphere, one of controlled suspense, gradual building up of a sense of horror and destruction is achieved through a slow accumulation of unemotional detail, as this leaves the reader wondering what the characters are like and what they might do. I believe horror stories today do still follow a similar pattern, in the fact people who do bad deeds are usually punished, they are packed with suspense and often include someone trying to solve the mystery or catch the villain or monster, which in our case is Mr Utterson. However, the major difference in more recent examples of the genre is the tendency to locate the monstrous squarely within the normal, rather than presenting it as a threatening creature, such as Mr Hyde and Frankenstein, all made by individuals. Alfred Hitchcock had in fact changed this direction of the horror genre in 1960 with Psycho; the movie not only presented its most frightening moment, the shower murder, it also suggested that horror resides in everyday life rather than in alternative worlds of the supernatural or the gothic. Finally, the recent so called slice and dice films, such as Halloween, and living dead movies such as the night of the living dead are demonstrations of how contemporary special effects technology can depict increasingly gruesome and imaginative dismemberment and mutilation usually at the expense of character, plot and theme. Even though these are all films, we can still see how there is a greater desire for horror stories which are related to everyday occurrences or objects. In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson illustrates the devastating effects of meddling with Gods creation and how our negative and evil desires and urges can overtake our original selves until we lose touch of who we once represented. Furthermore, Dr Jekylls desire and addiction to temporarily alter his existence results ultimately in his deadly demise. Jekyll and Hyde demonstrates how innocent curiosity about the darker sides of our nature can soon get out of hand and how evil is compulsive and how evil can so easily take control of the good. Stevenson has used Jekyll and Hyde to show that everyone has good and evil inside them. He portrays this very well by using the setting to portray good and evil e.g. dingy street and a grand residence. He also makes a very important point which is relevant today as it was in the nineteenth century. This is that bottled antisocialable behaviour can lead to sudden violent outpourings, such as seen in Hydes murder of Sir Danvers Carew. In Victorian society no one questioned God so the idea of something happening which isnt controlled by God would be unusual. Also electricity had only just been invented so people were quite wary about the things science could do. I think the main theme in the book is duality and how London is split into good and evil, rich and poor, scientific fact and experimenting new ideas. The final point I wish to mention is how they kept secrets. On the outside people were warm and inviting, however inside, people kept intimate secrets, such as dealing with drugs, alcohol and prostitution. I believe this was probably due to the fact there wasnt much pleasure in this type of life. There are many morals included in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde; however there are two main morals which stand out, one straight forward moral and a more complex moral. The straight forward moral is that if you do bad deeds you will be punished and also how addiction can lead to violence and how violence can lead to murder. The more complex moral, however is about the appeal of being Mr Hyde. Because Mr Hyde is described and talked about so much, he is probably the most interesting and exciting character in the book, which turns the straight forward moral on its head and makes Hyde the most appealing character in the novel. I believe the relevance of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde has changed considerably over the last hundred years. The main difference is that the Victorians saw this book religiously, however now when we read this book we think its about personal weakness and how addiction can lead to evil. A Victorian also wouldnt see the relevance of drugs and alcohol in this book, nor would they understand the relevance of addiction and what effect it has. Some may say that as humans, we wear masks. Not real masks, but masks that cover up our true personality showing our good side around our friends and our bad side around our family. These are great examples of mans fight in duality; our good side is always competing against our evil side, resulting in our duality, our fight over good verses evil. In this story, Doctor Jekyll is a regular scientist with the same feelings as every other human being; Mr. Hyde is a manifestation of Doctor Jekylls evil side and as a result, he is able to commit murder without any guilt. In the end, the evil manifestation won, taking completely over the Doctors body. The fight between good and evil is over! Finally, I believe the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is about how Dr Jekyll struggles to decide either to do the right thing and be a good citizen, or to do the thing Dr Jekyll desires the most and to be Mr. Hyde which he knows is wrong.

Holistic care, Holistic therapies and nursing.

Holistic care, Holistic therapies and nursing. Holistic care refers to addressing all aspects of the person including body, mind, and spirit . A holistic approach links mainstream medical treatments with both traditional and emotional health. Holistic medicine is a part of health care which maintains a cooperative relationship among all those involved, which leads to optimal satisfaction of the physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual aspects of health. It highlights the necessity to view the person as a whole and that includes analysis of physical, nutritional, environmental, emotional, social, spiritual and lifestyle values. Holistic therapies also referred to as complimentary therapies have been long-standing practices in nursing and act as an appendage to traditional medical and nursing therapies.   They include massage theraphy, nutritional therapy and hydrotherapy.  Ã‚  Nurses have combined touch care, as well as Reiki, a mix of both energy work and touch, into practice. Concern for providing more effective pain and chronic disease management has led many health care institutions to offer nutritional therapy, yoga,meditation, spiritual learning and mind-body programs for disease management.  Ã‚  Nurses are working alongside a hierarchy of providers from medical specialists, massage therapists, acupuncturists and behavioral psychologists.   Holistic nursing is a way of thinking, reflecting, practicing, and being as a whole human being. Holistic nursing care practice requires nurses to integrate self-care, self-responsibility, spirituality, and emotional wellbeing. This may resut in greater awareness of the inter-connectivity with self, family friends, environment, and god. This awareness may further improve the nurses understanding of all individuals and their relationships to the human and outside world, and permits nurses to use this awareness to facilitate the healing process. Holistic nursing includes all nursing practice that has enhancement of healing of the whole person from birth to death as its goal. Holistic nursing recognizes that there are two views regarding holism: that holism involves identifying the interrelationships of the person, recognizing that the whole is greater than the sum of the individuals; and that it involves understanding the individual as a unit mutually inclusive with the environment. Every individual case has a patient at its centre.The patient lives within a social,psychological,economic and relational environment.The major factors which influences the patient are pychological,emotional,financial,legal,scientific,educational and religious as below. Rationale and Case Study Having discussed the different approaches to patient care, the important aspects of nursing management, and the various theoretical models of patient management, we move on to considering the appropriate nursing approach for a an Italian woman 92 years diagnosed with Dementia bipolar, diabetes type 2, epilepsy having problems of eating disorder.She has no much educational background , married in 1941at the age of 25, came to UK in 1965. She has a daughter and a son with 4 grand children. Demography epidemiology Bipolar disorder and  dementia  are two conditions that often go hand in hand. The risk of developing depressive and manic episodes was increased in patients with dementia. Both disorders have a multidimensional nature. Mood and cognition are considered the core problems in bipolar disorder and Dementia, respectively. However, in recent years, more relay has been given to the behavioral features of Dementia, which are often difficult to manage than cognitive impairment. Thus, in addition to such mood symptoms as euphoria, lability, irritability, anxiety, and dysphoria, recent studies have reported the following behavioral signs in Dementia: agitation, overactivity, aggression, apathy, affective lability,euphoria, disinhibition, impaired self-regulation, and psychosis. Moreover, patients with dementia often have problems with money management, spendthrift or donating money to strangers. Most consider signs and symptoms of mania in AD(Alzheimer disease) as secondary to its neurodegenerative processs  but mood symptoms may also be central and can reflect exacerbations from previous temperament. We emphasize that altered mood symptoms clearly affect perception of real situations and cognition thinking.It has been reported that deterioration in bipolar disorder is associated with mixed episodes and rapid cycling, which often tends to be the clinical presentation of dementia.[    Pathophysiology In neuroanatomical studies, alterations in the hippocampus have been reported in both disorders, with more obvious degeneration in AD. Perhaps the most striking difference between both disorders is that the disease process in AD occurs when the brain is much more vulnerable due to aging. Excessive glutamatergic activity is possibly central to both disorders, as shown by the benefits from drugs that either inhibit glutamate release or block glutamate receptors (eg, topiramate ) including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Cortisol-induced neurotoxicity and dysregulation in the HPA-axis have also been postulated as a central role in the pathophysiological processes in both disease(dementia bipolar) Epidemiology The number of people with dementia is steadily increasing.   Alzheimers Society believes that careful planning is the order of the future to ensure that the right care and support is available. There are currently about 750,000 people in the UK with a form of dementia with over 16,000 people under 65 with dementia in the UK  .One in 14 people over 65 years of age and one in six people over 80 years of age has a form of dementia Prevalence and incidence  Ã‚   When talking about demography it is important to differntiate between prevalence overall cases both old and new, with which dementia occurs in the population, and incidence new cases of dementia in a given time period. The well established prevalence rates for dementia in the UK are: 40-64 years:  1 in 1400 65-69 years:  1 in 100 70-79  years:  1 in 25 80+ years:  1 in 6 (Source : Alzheimers society, UK.) Projected figures   There is a rough estimate that by 2021 there will be one million people with dementia in the UK and Is expected to increase to over 1.7 million people(3% of UK population) with dementia by 2051.   Many people talk about the demographic time bomb or tidal wave of older people, which the state cannot afford to cater for. However the society believes that these reports are misleading.A steady, rather than exponential growth is expected over the next 25 years. The Societys contribution to the Royal Commission on Long Term Care highlights the belief that the state can provide for peoples needs as they age. The National Dementia Strategy in England and similar work underway in Wales and Northern Ireland are very vital steps to ensure the people needs with dementia be properly addressed in years to come. Belief values Core Values of Holistic Nursing The current Standards of Holistic Nursing are based on five Core Values of practice: 1) Holistic Philosophy and Education 2) Holistic Ethics, Theories, and Research 3) Holistic Nurse Self-Care; 4) Holistic Communication, Therapeutic Environment and Cultural Competence 5) Holistic Caring Process. These core values represent the essence of holistic nursing and are each necessary for holistic practice in the management of dementia in older people with comorbidity such as diabetes typeII and epilepsy. Core value 1, addresses that holistic nursing is based on a framework under philosophical guidelines embracing holism and a commitment to education, reflection, and knowledge. Core value 2, reiterates that professional nursing is less effective in theory, informed by research and bound by ethical guidelines to guide a competent, thoughtful, and principled holistic practice. Core value 3,is based on the belief that nurses must engage in integrating self-care to promote health and self awareness so that the nurse may act as an instrument of healing. Core value 4   addresses the requirement for nurses to engage with clients to promote mutually-determined goals for health and healing. Lastly, Core Value 5, emphasizes an evolution in the nursing practice to embrace assessment and therapeutic care addressing client patterns, problems, and needs in an atmosphere of caring (4). Cultural values and belief Beliefs and practices influenced by culture can affect patient outcome and satisfaction .the increasing cultural diversity may present challenges in trans-cultural ethical decision making for nurses .ethical dilemma may arise from lack of understanding of language, procedures ,expectations and other elements of nature that may lead to unclear decisions.Thus by Incorporating culture assessment into care facilitates better understanding of factors that influence patients health behavior and decisions. Researchers from School of Nursing in Hong kong surveyed nurses in different cultural settings and suggested five broad guiding principles for reviewing ethical perception of cultural values and beliefs: Respect for persons Beneficience Justice Respect for community Contextual caring. The Director and Board of Dementia Voice had, in about 1996, become aware of a developing but uncoordinated interest in the spiritual care of people with dementia. They wanted their statement to affirm a holistic approach, which sees care of the spirit as the essence of, and resulting from, good care practice. They wanted to speak to everyone irrespective of their religious faith. They have therefore used non-religious language with the intention that it is inclusive of both secular and religious understanding. The spirituality of people with dementia, and their families, carers and the professionals who work with them is therefore of the greatest importance. Professional issues The AHNA Standards of Holistic Nursing Practice also referred to as Standards provide guidance for nursing care that meets the intent of the description of holistic nursing a care that has enhancement of healing of the whole person (from birth to death) (4). The Standards grew from an interest in describing holistic nursing, and in articulating the values, skills and knowledge required for its practice. Unlike speciality practice defined by a client group (pediatric nursing) or a disease category (oncology nursing), holistic nursing is practiced by nurses in virtually every area of care. The speciality is based on practice that recognizes the body-mind-spirit connection of persons, and demands its practitioners integrate self-care and self-responsibility into their own lives. In holistic nursing, wellness-illness and health-disease neither mutually exclusive ,nor polar opposite, but are part of the process and the healthcare.Newman and her colleagues identified that proper focus of nursing is caring and described it as whole,unitary and transformatory.Many disciplines claim caring as a part of the profession ,but only nursing has both caring and health as itsgoal. Caring is a constant specific interpersonal process that is characterized by expert nursing practice, interpersonal process, interpersonal sensitivity, and intimate relationships Nurses can focus caring through empowerement in 6 main categories; Respecting the patient Not taking the patients behavior personally Keeping the patient safe Encouraging the patients health Authentic leadership Interactive reading. Professional ethical decisions Nurses are confronted daily with the need to make professional and personal ethical decisions. This process requires an ongoing evaluation and assimilation of information and have formed a five step process of making ethical decision mainly 1. articulating the problem 2. gathering data and identifying conflicting claims of moral values 3. exploring strategies 4. Implementing strategy 5. Evaluating outcome of the action Legal and Ethical Issues Healthcare providers must adhere to the law.All nurses are responsible and accountable to comply with nursing practice act as well as the rule and regulation of the board in the state where they are licensed and work. Supporting a patients right and ability to make choices is an essential element of holistic nursing practice and holistic ethics. Advance medical directives The patient self-determination act, effective December 1991requires that all individuals receiving medical care also receive written informationabout there right to refuse medical or surgical treatment and their right to initiate advance directives.advance directives are instructions that induct healthcare intervention to initiate or withhold or designate someone who will act as a proxy in making a decision in the event the decision making capacity is lost. Advance directives are of two types: Treatment directives(living will) Appointment directives (Power of attorney). A living will specifies the medical treatment that a patient wishes to refuse in the event that he/she is terminally ill and cannot make those decisions.A power of attorney for healthcare appoints a proxy or surrogate to make the medical decisions on behalf of the patient if he/she can no longer make such decisions. Advance medical directive in the form of living will or power of attorney is a cornerstone in proxy management of end stage of Dementia with bipolar disorders as they lose decision making ability. As part of the patient assessment , an holistic nurse may consider asking the, following questions Have you discussed your end of life choices with your family or designated surrogate? Do you have basic information about advanced medical directives? Do you wish to initiate it? If you have already prepared an advance medical directive, can you provide it now? Informed consent As nursing is inherently a moral endeavour,nurses may exacerbate challenges in making the right decision and taking the right action.The process of informed consent of medical and other treatment provides the opportunity for the patient to choose a course of action regarding healthcare plans. An informal consent must include the following: The nature of health cancerns and prognosis if nothing is done Description of all treatment options Benefits, risks an consequences of various treatment a options including non-intervention. Holistic nurses who offer alternate modalities should explain the int.., and disease risks, expected effects and benefits and treatment options prior to initiating theraphy. Informed consent in research refers to freely choosing to participate in a research study after the research purpose ,commitment ,risks and benefits, anonymity and invasion of privacy.Nurses who assist with research need to be familiar with elements of informe consent.A particular area of concern is protection of human rights, in research studies focus on vulnerable population such as elderly, challenged, pregnant, disabled persons and terminally ill. Thus Informed consent plays a vital role in development of novel research methodologies and an holistic nurse should follow the above mentioned guidelines in getting an informed consent from the patient. Nurses are accountable to professional stanards, for reporting research findings. An important consideration in this regard is the ethical treatment of data which demonstrates the integrity of research protocols and honesty in reporting data Policy Three major policy face holistic nursing in the future: Reimbursement Regulation Access Access There are many barriers to the access of holistic therapies providing yet another challenges for holistic nursing.They include: Lack of awareness Uncertainity about their effectiveness Inability to pay for them Limited availability of qualified providers. Access is normally difficult for rural population, uninsured, racial and ethnic minorities and vulnerable population such as elderly and terminally ill.Holistic nursing have a responsibility to educate the public more fully about health promoters,completely moderate to assist people in making informal chance among healthcare alternatives and individual providers They need to ensure quality, increased focus on wellness and access and affordability to all. Reimbursement Public or private policies in relation to coverage and reimbursement for healthcare expenditure play a crucial role in shaping the healthcare system and in deciding the future of health promotion and holistic medicine in the nations healthcare system.holistic nurses need to work with Medicare and other third party payers,insurance groups,oards of nursing,healthcare policy makers to ensure that holistic nurses are reimbursed appropriately for services rendered. Regulation Thus by developing theoretical and empirical knowledge as well as caring and healing approaches ,holistic nurses will advance holistic nursing practice and education and contribute significantly to the formalization and credibility of this work and in integrating a more holistic approach in nursing practice and health care. Access to an informed care and reimbursement for hospice care is the requirement in the elderly patients with late stage onset dementia as the patient is terminally ill. Resources In caring for individuals, those who have negative health beliefs and attitude, an effective resource and perhaps a strategy would be to develop a social support network. The social support network of the patient can strengthen and facilitate healthy patient choices. Cognitive strengthening through training in assertiveness, relation, imagery, problem solving, good s coping skills. Patient interaction with community agencies and self-help group may also be appropriate. Encouraging involvement of family an friends with recommended theraphy or value clarification session increase and strengthen social support. Because Alzheimers disease is  incurable  and progressive, most holistic treatments focus on enhancing the persons quality of life; for example, some might suggest using memory books and other strategies to reduce the impact of  symptoms. A Florida State University researcher found memory books, which might include notes, photos and other keepsakes, can help reconnect Alzheimers indiviuals with their loved ones. Although the research on holistic approaches remains limited, it suggests everything from pet therapy to art therapy can improve quality of life for those with Alzheimers. A 2006 study, for example, reported older people with  dementia  showed less  agitation  and had more positive social interactions when they interacted with an animal daily; however, the duration of the benefit was not established, nor was it proven that an animal living with the individuals had more impact than a visiting animal. A holistic approach can also include the use of herbs and supplements, such as  Ginkgo biloba  and  omega-3 fatty acids. Conclusion In this study, we reflect back at the various holistic goals set to provide care for an Italian woman 92 years diagnosed with Dementia bipolar, diabetes type 2, epilepsy having problems of eating disorder.She has no much educational background , married in 1941at the age of 25, came to UK in 1965. She has a daughter and a son with 4 grand children. Based on the projected figures it is estimated that by 2021 there will be one million people with dementia in the UK with expected to rise to over 1.7 million people with dementia by 2051.  This is often referred to as a demographic tidal bomb. There has been a developing but uncoordinated interest in the spiritual care of people with dementia.Thus the spirituality of people with dementia, and their families, carers and the professionals who work with them is therefore of the greatest importance in an holistic care towards dementia. Advance medical directive in the form of living will or power of attorney is a cornerstone in proxy management of end stage of Dementia with bipolar disorders as they lose decision making ability. Informed consent also plays a role in development of novel research methodologies and an holistic nurse should follow the above mentioned guidelines in getting an informed consent from the patient. As alzheimers disease is  incurable  and progressive, most holistic treatments focus on enhancing the persons quality of life by using memory books, which might include notes, photos and other keepsakes which can help reconnect Alzheimers indiviuals with their loved ones. Access to an informed care and reimbursement for hospice care is the requirement in the above case study as the patient is terminally ill belonging to an ethnic minority. Thus holistic nursing needs to ensure quality, increased focus on wellness and access and affordability to all.

Billy Collins: A Great American Poet Essay examples -- Poetry Analysis

â€Å"I ask them to take a poem and hold it up to the light like a color slide or press an ear against its hive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3); so begins a poem titled â€Å"Introduction To Poetry† by Billy Collins. â€Å"Introduction To Poetry† is, in fact, the introduction to a collection of poetry called Poetry 180, a program started by Collins during his time as poet laureate for the United States. The aim of this program is to get people, especially teenagers, interested in or reconnected with poetry. Collins selected an assortment of poems that are just fun to read and not meant to be discussed; he says in the forward to the collection, â€Å"High school is the focus of my program because all too often it is the place where poetry goes to die† (xvii). Collins was honored with the title of poet laureate in 2001 because of his own outstanding poetry. Billy Collins is considered by some to be the greatest American poet since Robert Frost because he connects with his read ers, he makes the mysterious ordinary, and he portrays the ordinary as mysterious. Billy Collins has been called â€Å"accessible without being [mundane]† (Pool, par.1). Collins is relatable because he takes situations that most people have been through and puts them into words that are at the same time comic and thought provoking. (Collins once said, â€Å"The perfect poem for me to write would be a poem in which the reader couldn’t tell at any point whether the poem was serious or humorous†). In the poem â€Å"Forgetfulness†, Collins describes the frantic feeling that comes when a fact floats out of the brain. The person experiencing this tragic but everyday occurrence struggles to bring it back, but â€Å"the memories [the person] used to harbor decided to retire to the southern hemisphere of the brain, to a little... ...riousness of this 10-year-old dealing with morality for the first time.† Words, objects, and events take on a deeper meaning through Billy Collins. Collins’ poems aren’t preachy or meant to teach a lesson; their purpose is to help readers be exposed to different ways of seeing things. Collins seems to go through life with his head slightly tilted; he finds amusement in both the ordinary and mysterious, and has a gift for being able to portray his insights in a way readers find accessible and often witty. Nothing is too lofty or insignificant for Collins to write about; he once said, â€Å"I think my work has to do with a sense that we are attempting, all the time, to create a logical, rational path through the day. To the left and right there are an amazing set of distractions that we usually can’t afford to follow. But the poet is willing to stop anywhere.†

A Red Red Spirit :: Sylvia Plath Suicide Poetry Poems Essays

A Red Red Spirit Life and death, beginnings and endings. The death of one person: the ending of two lives, or the beginning of both? Sylvia Plath, tumbling through madness toward suicide, created a collection of poems titled Ariel, and used the theme poem to express the revelations she had while planning her own suicide. Thirty years later, the man who was blamed for her madness and death - her husband, British poet Ted Hughes - finally responded to the accusations with a set of his own poems he called The Birthday Letters. His poem Red is a direct response to Ariel. The two poems seek to present opposing views of Plath's madness and the "revelations" she found within insanity. One sees her death as a beginning, an entrance into a new state of consciousness. The other looks at it as an ending, as the loss of something unique and priceless. Sylvia Plath seems to suggest that her entire life had been meaningless, flat blankness, but that her madness had opened her eyes to a new world. Ted Hughes appear s to look upon her death in a distinctly different way. He sees it as violent, as an enormous loss, as a fallacy that ruined everything Plath had. Plath states her feelings in the first stanza of Ariel: "Stasis in darkness. / Then the substanceless blue. / Pour of tor and distances." Her words suggest that she believes her entire life had been meaningless, flat blankness, but that the outpouring of emotion that went into Ariel allowed her to see things differently. She speaks of "substanceless blue." Blue - the color of the sky, representative of light and knowledge. The "pouring" of lava - which forms tor - suggests that the enormous number of poems she created in a very short period of time allowed her to gain knowledge she had never had access to before. Even the title of the poem seems to suggest an evolution within the author. The name Ariel has two different meanings. First, it is the name of a spirit in Shakespeare's The Tempest. This spirit, near the end of the play, is released from her servitude to Prospero, and becomes a being of pure energy, free and beautiful. There is a direct connection between this image, and the image of Plath gaining some new revelation near the end of her life, causing her to view the world in some new and wonderful way.

Dialectical Journal Essay

Montag is confused of the fact that they are standing in front of his house, going to burn it, he understands why this is happening to him, but he doesn’t understand who told Captain Beatty about the books that Montag had in his possession, he thought about Mildred, and her friends that he had read the poem to, and he was correct. â€Å"What a dreadful surprise,† said Beatty. â€Å"For everyone nowadays knows, absolutely is certain, that nothing will ever happen to me. Others die, I go on. There are no consequences and no responsibilities. Except that there are. But let’s not talk about them, eh? By the time the consequences catch up with you, it’s too late, isn’t it, Montag?† (115). Captain Beatty is explaining that people never think that they will be caught, that it could never happen to me, and then it does, and then the consequences that come after their actions don’t matter to him, and that they shouldn’t think about what’s going to happen to Montag after they’re done burning his house, and all of his things. â€Å"It was pretty silly, quoting poetry around free and easy like that. It was the act of a silly damn snob. Give a man a few lines of verse and he thinks he’s the Lord of all Creation. You think you can walk on water with your books. Well, the world can get by just fine without them† (117-118). People that you have given little intelligence over the rest of society find themselves omnipotent to everyone and everything else, and that the world would be better off without these people living, so burn the books that give you knowledge, and there are no people to stand-up/stand out against society in any matter. â€Å"watch for a man running †¦ watch for the running man . . . watch for a man alone, on foot . . . watch†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (124). Shows that the police are after Montag, he’s on foot, and alone, but this has  not description of him, so the Police will stop a lot of people on their route of finding him, and that they need another way of singling him out from the rest of society. They would have killed me, thought Montag, swaying, the air still torn and stirring about him in dust, touching his bruised cheek. For no reason at all in the world they would have killed me. â€Å"Mechanical Hound never fails. Never since its first use in tracking quarry has this incredible invention made a mistake. Tonight, this network is proud to have the opportunity to follow the Hound by camera helicopter as it starts on its way to the target†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (133). (Thinking that Beatty would’ve killed him, with no second thought about it, the hound was programmed never to make a mistake, and if Montag didn’t intervene than he would be dead, and in a body bag by now, and no one would’ve cared, and for no good reason he would be dead) The force has no sent another hound after him, to hunt him down, seize him, and them kill him in as little time as possible, this shows that no one questions why they are doing this, and they just want a good show. Would he have time for a speech? As the Hound seized him, in view of ten or twenty or thirty million people, mightn’t he sum up his entire life in the last week in one single phrase or a word that would stay with them long after the Hound had turned, clenching him in its metal-plier jaws, and trotted off in darkness, while the camera remained stationary, watching the creature dwindle in the distance— a splendid fade-out! What could he say in a single word, a few words, that would sear all their faces and wake them up?(135). He is thinking that if he was caught, would he have time for the last words anyone will ever hear him speak? If he did what would he say, how would he say it? Would anyone care after t he hound is done with it’s brutal job that is being streamed on 30 million televisions, could he say something that could get the society think about what the people with more power are doing, right now, no one is, but later will someone. â€Å"And he was surprised to learn how certain he suddenly was of a single fact he could not prove. Once, long ago, Clarisse had walked here, where he was walking now† (145). He couldn’t prove that Clarisse had been on these exact railroad tracks, but he is certain she has been in this situation before, a loner, on the outside looking in, getting away from the people that want to harm you, leaving everything you’ve ever had or known behind, as Montag was doing now. â€Å"They’re faking. You threw them off at the river. They can’t admit it. They know they can hold their audience only so long. The show’s got to have a snap ending, quick! If they started searching the whole damn river it might take all night. So they’re sniffing for a scape-goat to end things with a bang. Watch. They’ll catch Montag in the next five minutes!† (148). Granger is saying that the newscasters that are pursuing Montag have already located him, and they are trying to make it suspenseful for the audience to watch, so that the show will have a quick, effective ending that leaves everyone is a good mood, and happy with their entertainment. â€Å"Right now, some poor fellow is out for a walk. A rarity. An odd one. Don’t think the police don’t know the habits of queer ducks like that, men who walk mornings for the hell of it, or for reasons of insomnia. Anyway, the police have had him charted for months, years. Never know when that sort of information might be handy. And today, it turns out, it’s very usable indeed† (148). A poor man, a peculiar man, that is not Montag is being persued, instead of the actual Montag, he has been tracked for years without his knowledge, and the police know everything about him, that can be used to frame him, and be portrayed as Montag, and now’s he’s dead, taking the place of Montag death to be shown on national television. The search is over, Montag is dead; a crime against society has been avenged.  (149) â€Å"They didn’t show the man’s face in focus. Did you notice? The newscasters are lying about Montag’s death, he is still alive and about, and people know, due to the un focused view that the camera has put on his face, so while the news chase comes to an end, Montag is still alive and breathing, and in Granger’s care, where he is safe and â€Å"dead†. Even your best friends couldn’t tell if it was you. They scrambled it just enough to let the imagination take over. â€Å"Hell,† he whispered. â€Å"Hell.† (149-150) Shows that the news has scrambled the image of Montag’s fake body on the television to where even the people that are very close to Montag cannot recognize him, so that no one asks question about who that actually is, and why is Montag still living, and Granger wants people to know that Montag is not dead, so that the people know that the media are frauds. Walk carefully. Guard your health. If anything should happen to Harris, you are the Book of Ecclesiastes. (151) Shows how important Montag had become in the last minute of conversation, and that Montag will be safe with the band of â€Å"ex-professors† that have taken him under their wing, and shows that they represent the book nation, and will help restore through the knowledge of books that everyone once knew. â€Å"The most important single thing we had to pound into ourselves is that we were not important†(153). Shows that their clan needs to remember that they can’t feel superior to any one in the world, that they need to be nothing more than dust jackets for books, and of no significance otherwise when passing on their teaching to the rest of the world. â€Å"It’s strange, I don’t miss her, it’s strange, I don’t feel much of anything†(155). Shows that even though his ex-wife will die in the next few hours, he doesn’t feel emotions, no emotions of pain or love, he doesn’t feel anything towards the death of people, and the feeling of being alone when no one else is. The first bomb struck. â€Å"Mildred!†(159). When the jets flying above them drop the first bomb on the city behind them and levels it, he is thinking about Mildred, he saw the walls go dark on Millie’s face, he heard her screaming in his mind, the million of tons of bricks, metal, plaster and wood to meet the other people in the hive below. He thought about no more Mildred.